SCIENTIFICAMERICAN  |  Space & Physics

Can Life Survive the Death of the Sun?

生命能在太阳死亡后存续吗?

Artwork of the future sun, swollen to become a red giant star, as seen from a molten Earth landscape

Artwork of the future sun, swollen to become a red giant star, as seen from a molten Earth landscape

2025-07-04  1232  困难
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For example, in its thermonuclear-driven core, the sun fuses about 700 million tons of hydrogen into 695 million tons of helium every second. The missing five million tons is converted into energy (via everyone’s favorite equation, E = mc2). This is enough energy, it turns out, to power a star. If you like mind-boggling numbers, the sun produces 4 x 1026 watts of power—400 trillion trillion watts. In other words, the energy our star emits in a single second is sufficient to satisfy humanity’s total consumption for about 650,000 years.

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