Medicine has historically failed to take into account sex-based differences as fundamental as the workings of the heart or lung capacity. Standard asthma inhalers are far less effective for women than men, for example. Caroline Criado Perez’s 2019 bestseller Invisible Women notes that clinical trials don’t routinely document the sex of respondents nor necessarily aim for balance. Some drugs that might work for women risk getting dropped because they are less effective on the men who make up the majority of trial subjects.